Livestock Management

• Of a jersey cow average milk production is = 2.5 litres / day
• Of a desi cow average milk production is = 14 litres / day

• Supply 30kg of green fodder per adult animal
• Feed 2kg of concentrate per day as pregnancy ration during last 75 days of pregnancy
• Add mineral mixture to the ration of the dairy cattle
• Provide balanced ration to the animal
• Vaccinate the animal regularly against diseases
• Stop milking of animal 60 days before expected date of calving
• See that your cow should conceive within 3-4 months of calving
• Crossbred cows should preferably be bred with semen of the crossbred bulls of same exotic blood levels
• Get the desi cow inseminated with semen of bulls of exotic breeds like jersey

• Be present during calving
• In case of any complication, take the help of Vet. Officer
• After delivery let the cow to lick the mucous of the calf’s body or remove with a clean cloth
• Check the respiration of the calf by removing mucous from nostril / help artificial respiration
• Allow the calf to stand and suck the colostrums within 1 to 2 hours of birth
• Throw the placenta and mucous far away from the cow or burry it under the earth
• Do not allow the cow to eat placenta as it decreases the milk production

• Green legumes : 10kg
• Green cereals : 20kg
• Cereal straws : 2kg or
• Cereal straw : 7kg
• Concentrate mix : 3.5kg
• In addition to this the cow may be given green fodder as per availability in the area.

• The cross bred cows produced from indigenous breed +jersey/Holstein Friesean bulls give more milk than local breeds.
• A normal local breed yield 500kg of milk in an average lactation period of 268 days.
• A cross bred cow of jersey and Holstein Friesean yields nearly 3000 to 4000 kg of milk in a lactation period of 305 days.

• In case of ill health, the cow yields less milk
• The milk yielding capacity increases for 1st 2 to 3 years and then declines with age
• With the advancement of lactating period upto dry the yield decreases
• If the cow is not cared properly during dry period the milk decreases 30 - 40%
• If milking interval is less, then milk yield decreases
• In case of high or low temperature, the cow remains under stress and it affects milk yield

• Should be kept in comfortable well ventilated cleaned and disinfectant shed
• Ceiling fan and exhausted fan should be provided in summer months as they have less heat tolerance capacity
• Cold water should be sprinkled over the cows during hot days
• They should be fed with balanced ration
• Adequate green fodder and roughage should be provided
• Vaccination should be done in regular intervals

• Clean the animal shed and bed
• Disinfect the shed with soda washing
• Avoid over crowding
• Heavily parasitized animal should be segregated and periodically treated with dewormer
• Practice the rotational grazing

The vaccinations for different diseases of goats are mentioned below.

• FMD: Segregation and authorized sanitary measures, vaccination in Feb/March with polyvalent FMD vaccine 2-3 ml S/C.
• HS: Segregation and use of sulphonamides and antibiotics like penicillin, vaccinate the animal with 0.5 to 1ml S/C animal H. S serum vaccine.
• R. P: Vaccinate the animal with tissue culture vaccine 1 ml S/C in neck region, revaccinate after 3 years.
• Goat Pox: Vaccinate the animal with pox vaccine @0.5 ml S/C.

• Vaccination
• Segregation of sick animals and change of pasture
• Disinfection of shed and proper disposal of litter material
• Affected animals should be slaughtered, burnt or buried 6 feet deep with lime
• Use of antiserum in affected animal
• Quarantine
• Use of foot bath
• Timely treatment and visit to goat shed
• Report to district livestock authority
• Personal hygiene and authorized sanitation

• Before 15 days of arrival of chicks clean and disinfect the shed
• Arrange light in the poultry house and brooder
• Do brooding of chicks to provide artificial warmth
• Maintain temperature upto 90-95 degree F
• Keep 24 hours lighting system with 2 watt / chick
• Make availability of 0.5sq. ft. floor space / bird
• Brooders are to be fed with chick starter mash from 0-8 weeks of age in case of layer and 0-3 weeks in case of broilers

• Poor quality of the feed
• Poor quality of the stock
• Improper feeding and lighting programme
• Over crowding
• Environmental stress
• Improper vaccination
• Lack of technical knowledge of the rearer

• Land should be sufficiently elevated
• Should not be too far from the city
• It should have transportation facility
• North-South shed should have wire nettled mesh
• East-West shed should have complete wall
• Width of the shed should be between 16-24 ft.
• Height of the walls should not be more than 1 ft. above the floor level
• Roof should be made up of asbestos
• The overhang of the roof at every shed be 3-4.5 ft.

• Litter shed be practically dry
• After 2 weeks the litter is to be raked every day morning
• Keep water and feeder away while raking
• Ventilation should be proper in house
• Never try to recycle the old litter for subsequent battlers

• Periodical testing of layer flock
• Fumigation of incubations and equipment
• Mixing of Neptin powder at the rate of 1000 gms in 1 ton of feed
• Proper hygienic measures

• Make arrangement of proper vaccination at 8-10 weeks of age
• Maintain proper ventilation and hygienic condition at the farm

• Proper vaccination of the birds
• Provide toxin free feed to the birds
• Routine screening of sire samples in large farms

• One species of birds should be kept away from other species of birds
• Flock should always be started with disease free day old chicks
• Care should be taken for handling and disposing sick or dead birds
• Proper brooding, feeding and water management should be followed
• Vaccination should be carried in a regular manner
• Avoid entrance of the visitors