Crop Production

In case of:

• Early variety : 67 hills /m2
• Medium variety : 50 hills / m2
• Late variety: 33 hills / m2

• A.K.P.-2
• Sikri and Dibyasingh
• A.K.P -7
• Neelachal
• Kakiri
• A.K.P.-3

• Improved sickle for harvesting
• Finger weeder and wheel hoe for weeding
• Hand shovel for
• Liner for line sowing
• Maize sheller for shelling
• Groundnut decorticator for decorticating
• Paddy transplanter for transplanting
• Thresher for threshing
• winnower for cleaning
• Grain cleaner for cleaning
• Seed cleaner cum grader for cleaning and grading
• Solar drier for drying
• Paddy parboiling unit for parboiling
• Rice puffing machine for making puffed rice
• Head load manager for carrying head loads
• Trolley to fetch water from long distance
• Gum boot to walk in clay field
• Mask, gloves, cap, apron, etc for protecting body parts
• Waist belt to reduce waist pain

• Clean the seeds thoroughly to remove all foreign materials including chaff and immature grains.
• Dry the seeds to safe moisture level.
• Store the seeds in moisture proof containers like metal bins.
• Drying is preferred in sheds
• If drying is in sun, then avoid use of concrete floor for this purpose.

• She should select healthy plants which are not infected by any insect and diseases.
• Should not get it admixture with other paddy seeds.
• Proper drying to bring down to 12% moisture and safe storage.

• CR-1030 (Utkal prabha), CR-260-77 are found to have better puffing quality while almost all varieties can be used for “Khai” preparation. However, a local variety “Mayura Kantha” and CR-260-77 are best for “Khai”.

The primary fertilizers are N, P and K:

• Nitrogen
• Phosphorus
• Potash

• In rain fed shallow low land area, dhanicha can be sown in the middle of May and the green manure be incorporated into soil by 10th July.
• In irrigated medium land, dhanicha seed should be sown in May and green manure incorporated by middle of July.

• 100m2 of azolla nursery can produce about 100kg fresh azolla every week which is enough for one acre of paddy field to get every week regularly.

• Harvest the fully matured healthy fruits
• Thresh the seeds on pacca floor
• Dry it up to 6-7 % moisture content
• Disinfect the seeds with Thiram (@2gm /kh)
• Store in a low temperature in polythene bag
• Avoid the seeds from direct sun ray or moisture

• Cultural control, example: summer ploughing
• Mechanical control, example: use of light trap at night
• Chemical control, example: use of pesticides, insecticides, weedcides, etc.
• Biological control, example: allowing beneficial pest, insects, birds, etc.

• Green gram, black gram, horse gram and ground nut can be taken as inter crops with paddy.

• In normal irrigated system, transplanting is the better than broadcasting as it ensures better crop stand and growth.
• In water logged areas, early seeding in May helps in better stand establishment which can tolerate flood better. Often transplanted crops fail under this situation.

• For high yielding varieties, the optimum age is 20-30 days.
• But late maturing varieties like Gayatri may be transplanted at the age of 50 days.
• A thumb rule is that a variety maturing in five months should be allowed five weeks in a nursery beyond which it is detrimental.

• In summer paddy, planting should be done early in January.
• Water level should be maintained properly during crop growth. A level of 3-5cm must be maintained between flowerings to milk stage.
• Never allow the soil to crack.

• It should be ploughed in the field for organic matter addition.

• It is advisable to change rice-rice to rice-pulse, rice oilseed system.
• Non-rice crops like black gram and groundnut are well suited.
• The soil which never dries, going for green manuring and organic matter application is required to maintain fertility and to keep pests under control.

To make rice cultivation more remunerative, the following practices should be adopted:

• Adopting ideal varieties
• Timely planting
• Right dose and timely application of fertilizers
• Green manuring
• Planting of treated seedlings
• Growing of remunerative non-rice crops after rice

• Deficiency of micro-nutrients
• Non-application of balanced fertilizers
• Non-application of organic manures like poultry droppings
• Non-adoption of integrated plant nutrient supply system

• Well decomposed FYM is better than fresh cow dung.

• In low land areas where water stagnation takes place, rice is the only crop to grow.
• In upland condition, crop rotation like non-rice crops can be grown in every alternate years.
• Continuous rice crop may deplete soil nutrients.

• Coconut
• Papaya
• Arecanut
• Banana

• Butachlor @1kg/ha may be applied after 2 days of sowing in dry nursery or after 7 days of sowing in wet nursery.

• It can withstand for one week if properly kept in the water. But anyway it is advisable to plant as early as possible.

• Paddy grown in summer becomes grey in patches due to brown plant hopper or by mealybugs.

• Seedling root dip treatment with chlorpyrifos 0.02% concentration for 12 hrs may be given to seedlings before transplanting in order to save the crop from any insect damage for early 25 days of planted crop.

• Mechanical seed separation using 20% brine solution is being employed for seed borne diseases like sheath rot, brown spot and blast.

• Putting paddy seeds in salt water is being practiced to select healthy seeds. It is mechanical selection of healthy seed which subsequently helps in getting healthy plants. This is also helps in getting rid of seed borne diseases like sheath rot, brown spot and blast.

• Seed treatment helps in avoiding blast and brown spot diseases in seedling stage.

• Should wear proper clothing and mask.
• No pan, bidi, etc. to be taken while spraying.
• Should spray against the wind.
• Nozzles should not be opened inside the field.
• Spray solution should be made as per prescription volume.
• After spraying proper washing should be done.
• Any type of toxicity symptoms. A doctor may be consulted immediately.

• Identification of chemicals
• Preparation of adequate spray fluid
• Method of application
• Time of application

• Mat type seedling should be used.
• Depth of water on the soil should be 3-5 cm during transplanting time.
• Height of seedling should be 25-28 days.

• Finger weeder
• Cono weeder
• Japaneese rotary type weeder

• Improved bullock drawn plough
• Bullock drawn puddler
• Inter-culture plough with seed tube
• Manual seed drill (2 to 3 row)
• Bullock drawn seed drill
• Bullock drawn seed cum fertilizer drill
• Manual germinated seed drill
• Tractor drawn seed drill
• Manual weeder finger type
• Wheel finger weeder
• Pedal thresher
• Power thresher (1hp)
• Hand operated winnower
• Low lift hand pump
• Seed cleaner (1 hp motor operated)
• Power tool bar
• Reaper/harvester
• Improved sickle

• Uniformly drying up to 14% moisture content after harvesting.
• Preferably rubbers roll sheller to be used for shelling
• Cone polisher to be used for polishing.
• If milled in huller, paddy may be mixed with 50% hulled bran and the mixture is fed to huller.

• Thoroughly clean the seeds
• Dry up to 12% moisture content before storing
• Seal the cracks and plaster the holes if any
• Disinfect the storage receptacle with malathion 50% E. C. (1: 100) at the rate of 3 litres/100 sq.m.
• It is desirable to dry the grain at regular intervals to prevent moisture acculation at top or bottom of the store/bin.

• Finger millet
• Ground nut
• Black gram
• Green gram
• Pigeon pea
• Pigeon pea - ground nut system
• Horticultural crops like papaya, banana and other fruit crops with investment

• The low land paddy fields can be used to raise fish fingerlings and prawn juveniles with beneficial effect to rice crop.